Thermal comfort and well being
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The healing warmth of the stone oven
Thermal comfort and well being
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If the air exchange is too low in a room, disagreeable smells do not spread enough and are felt as annoying. This is often the case for thermal insulation measures, which exclude the windows closed when the air change almost. The higher surface temperatures of the walls contribute to the comfort. The radiation temperature for the heat balance of the human way, as important as the air temperature.
Heat and oxygen deficiency lead to loss of comfort
We know this all: in a fully occupied room with stuffy air we sleep rather than to develop great ideas. Reason for it is a lack of oxygen, because our brain is a real oxygen eaters. To work optimally, it needs about 75 liters of pure oxygen per day. Equally important is oxygen to our muscles. The efficiency of muscles depends on
Hence, in the cold season we need not only to compensate for the low ambient temperatures but also a continuous supply of oxygen in the home, which optimizes the processes of combustion in the organism.
The oxygen accelerates the combustion processes which are responsible for the own warmth production. For the body this warmth is of vital importance to be able to hold the body inside temperature steady. Hence, to push airs is, actually, only one makeshift which should hold the warm loss by convection outwardly as low as possible.
Warm air experts most numerous of the opinion that sufficient additinal insulation in occasional airing in order not to to impair the health.
However, this logic votes even, when the inhabitants stay often outside and additional oxygen drinks take to compensate for the lack of oxygen in part. Low wall and ground temperatures, lack of oxygen, drafts, moist walls
(rooms), cold floor, cold air currents produce a heat deficiency in the body or body parts, the combustion processes, negatively influences. This also leads on the basis of experiences to colds and flu (undercoolings); in addition, they impair the pleasant sensation which becomes apparent in the felt temperature.
Comfort deficits and loss of comfort also yields by cold case airflows on outside walls, cold walls and floors, drafts, cold air on the feet and finally the radiation deficits.
Dehumidifacation of the walls by heat radiation
The dehumidification of the space is typically through the exchange of air with relatively dry air. However, besides, it also strongly depends on the temperature of the exchanging air masses. Warm air can hold more humidity than cold air. In winter the outside air is relatively cool and when injected in the interior to accommodate humidity. Then the enriched air can be led away in a new air cycle again.
If such an air exchange is not possible, it can come to the condensation in cold parts and it then created mold stains.
To reduce the humidity is often recommended short airing, provided that the dew point of the indoor of the outside air is is lower than the dew point of the indoor air. If, however, escape of water vapor can not develop more moisture spots, which then lead to damage to building materials.
However, the dehumidification of the walls can also be very successful with heat radiation of the walls, because the absorption of the heat radiation, water molecules evaporate from the surface. This water molecules are then absorbed by the air and carried away. Thus, in the Alps the houses mostly built of sun position in order to use the sun for drying houses or to keep them dry. By the sun evaporates the moisture on the walls outside. An outside insulation would only hinder the escape of water vapor to the outside only. The sun's heat penetrates only barely so in the winter in the interior, first because the moisture in the exteriors walls must evaporate.
However, dry walls hinder but also because of the low heat conduction,
the heating of the interior. Can hardly be used in massive stone walls of the sun's heat in the interior.
In contrast, residential areas causes the radiant heat of the stone and tile stove dehumidification of the wall. Trough the wall heating the water molecules evaporate from the inner surface and then diffuse into the air.
In air-heated rooms the diffusion stream is directed against it from the inside outwardly. Because the diffusion stream is very weak, however, in winter, this leads to the condensation.
Hence, houses are built preferentially in sunny slopes. Nevertheless, warm-irradiated walls deliver the humidity to the inside air, so that on the one hand the breath air does not become too dry and, on the other hand also the wet and cool walls dry out again.
Higher wall temperature prevents condensation and mold
When the heat radiation of an open fire or stone oven illuminate the massive walls of a room, the wall
temperature rises
The shorter the distance, the more increases the wall surface temperature. The wall temperature increases, then so does the dew point so that condensation of the humidity is prevented.
The wall dries out and itwill disappear when the moisture stains, in which spreading mold.
In many buildings, especially in heritage conservation, the temperature has proved a very radiant heating.
In heaters, the heat transfer to the wall surface is too small to have increased the surface temperature. However, with increasing wall humidity but also increases the heat out, so that more heat flows. In this case, hence, a heat insulation is important, because otherwise, the wall temperature would considerably lie under that of the air temperature.
Since the radiation does not heat the air temperature, but only solid body ( only the heated surface will give energy to the indoor air), a radiant heater is on the wall temperature is always higher than the ambient air temperature.This has advantages: by the hygienically necessary air exchange is saved by a lot of energy. Also be condensation damage (mildew) is avoided. Who wants to save energy and avoid mold, selects a radiant heating system.
A low wall temperature can not be compensated by a higher air temperature. Too low wall temperature usually a steam barrier is needed to prevent the penetration of moisture into the masonry. The water vapor in the air then passes only to the vapor barrier.
Fig 1: The thermal radiation accelerates the dehumidification massive walls, because the evaporation of the water molecules this dry be.
Natural ventilation provides optimal oxygen supply
Oxygen is necessary to generate the energy necessary for the life.
The oxygen which we inhale with the air gets about the respiratory tract in the lungs to be passed on from there about the blood in the body and with it to the muscles. By oxygen biological combustion generated energy is the prerequisite for all physiological processes in our body. Of course also for the muscle movement. Energy without oxygen is called anaerobic. By the anaerobic energy results in a shift in pH and thereby lactic acid (athletes better lactate as known) , in the
A feeling of heaviness in the legs is a temporary reduction venous return and not by larger organic. The stasis of blood in the legs is favored by certain circumstances: prolonged standing, constant sitting,excessive heat, etc. Blood stasis often occur in the legs even with underfloor heating on. The resulting insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues - especially of muscles - causes a feeling of heaviness and of discomfort in the legs. Wether physical or mental peak performance - without the energy source oxygen is nothing. Many people use so often to the so-called oxygen drinks.
However, there are better solutions to get more power for brain and muscles. One calls natural airing (also gravity ventilation) is referreds to as natural ventilation air exchange in buildings by the self-adjusting "natural" buoyancy of different hot air (chimney effect). The lift (pressure difference) is calculated basically from itself from the difference in temperature proving density difference, and the available lift height natural ventilation (or natural draft ventilation) was before the development of machinery for conveying air, the only way to structures specifically to load and bleed and back in ancient times, this
natural-draft ventilation was used.The additional ventilation because of the dampt walls just means wasted heat. There is therefore no need to use energy ventilation system.
Insulated walls absorb and store no heat radiation
The insulation prevents heat storage. The advantage of thermal insulation is only for air heating, because in hot air to ciculate the heat transfer at the wall is very low. The insulation also reduces heat transfer and impedes the flow of heat trough the wall. insulation can also save a little heat, because they absorb any heat radiation.
The surface temperatures of the insulating walls be so influenced by the heat overexposure, because the heat rays of radiation bodies can not be converted into heat. Hence, the insulation of the walls limits the heat absorption and thus its storage function. One the over hand, the low heat storage capacity and the limited ability of radiation to the human body but also removing less heat by radiation. The radiation loss of the body, like with cold walls, escapes here. With living being the heat insulation has, above all, the purpose to reduce the warm losses by cold surroundings surfaces.
However, with air heatings the wall temperatures of the massive walls are too low to release a comfort feeling. Hence, the thermal insulation of buildings specified by the design and it can be enhanced by excluding the use of insulation materials. Passive houses with excellent insulation are often
position are to absorb warmth and to store. In addition, dry walls prevent those material exchange processes which appear with vaporization and condensation and reduce therefore the storage capacity.
Dry solid masonry really needs, no additional insulating layers, because no condensation occurs within the wall, which soaks the components from the inside. However, walls in lightweight construction explain no balance of temperature variations.
Radiation heat exchange between radiation source, irradiated and non-irradiated wall
The radiation of a body is dependent not on his surroundings, but he is determined only by his own state. The thermal sensation gets stronger and stronger with decreasing distance and with bigger distance weaker and weaker.
Between thr radiation source and non irradiated wall, there is no heat transfer. The radiation stream flows only from the radiation source to the irradiated surface. Indeed, only steady or liquid bodies absorb the heat rays.
Only they can convert the supplied radiant energy into heat. The greater the distance from the beam body, however, the longer the heating effect. Near the fire is felt, therefore, the heat effect most clearly.
Consequently a radiation stream originates only with differently tempered surfaces and the stream is directed always from warmer to the colder surface.
Gas radiation is based on nuclear oscillations of polyatomic molecules such as CO2 and H2O.
Fig. 2: The heat radiation of the stone oven by the insulated room walls not absorbed and not saved. If the stone oven is hot, feel the heat radiation only the furnace side. The surface temperature of the walls does not change much. The heat storage is not important. Since the energy of heat radiation is not transformed into heat, there is much energy wasted. Also on the temperature- and humidity-balancing function of the walls is omitted. The similar counts to the open chimney. No absorption - no noise- no storage of heat in the surroundings surfaces.
come without heat (oven etc.) to be sufficient becaus the wast heat of the user to create a comfortable temperasture insaid said.
Dry walls reduce the heat loss
Dry walls are characterized by a low thermal conductivity and are classified as poor conductor of heat. The lower the thermal conductivity, the lower and the heat loss is to the outside. Consequently dry walls prevent a larger heat loss. The heat transfer by conduction also takes so down, because no moisture can be more diffuse, which transports the heat. The heat dissipation by damp walls is minimized. Dry walls reduce both heat conduction and heat flow and simultaneously increase the heat emission with increase in temperature.
Massive building materials are considered as good heat conductors when they are wet. If they are dry, however, the diffusion stream escapes
and then only remains the molecular vibration. Consequently by the vaporization of the wall humidity steam barriers are, actually superfluously.
In addition, dry walls store the excess heat primarily in the walls and not in the air, not allowing any air exchange leads to a cold room.
Heat retaining walls to reduce temperature fluctuations in space
Heat and humidity can be taken both by the storage material as well as be released.
Heat retaining walls and ceiling are useful insofar as they prevent the winter too rapid cooling of the rooms in the heating and relaxation in summer too rapid warming. The success is the bigger, the greater the heat storage capacity of the components and the more convenient its location to the outside air.
Massive walls can compensate the temperature variations, if they in the
The elementary gases (H2, O2, N2 etc.) emit no warmth because of the missing electric load. Hence, for radiation they are permeable. The air can store relatively little heat.
Thus the impetus of warmed up air explains itself by the chimney.
However, differently tempered surfaces are also an essential criterion of being (radiation stream).
With air heatings the heat exchange occurs only about air masses, with radiation, however, above differently tempered surfaces. If the walls are warm not enough, there rules the heat
radiation from the direction of the hot stove stones before, meets the bodyunilaterally and then becomes uncomfortable when the wall surfaces are cold. If the walls have reached, nevertheless, a temperature, to the body no warmth by radiation escape, rises the well-being. The distance to the heated surfaces from the heat source is crucial.
The stove is in good isolated houses not the ideal heating system. The insulation prevents the absorption of heat radiation, the surface temperatures remain roughly the same. The heat is also not reflected so that
they radiate back into space could. From low tempered heating surfaces the warm transference is also very low to the passing air.
The radiation exchange is also depending on the distance between radiation source and the body.
The radiation density decreases with the square of the distance. Not to be forgotten is also the angle of incidence of heat radiation, because a side effect of radiation it loses. Thus, for example, the sun effect the day the most, in the morning and evening weakly, while the sun is not removed from the earth.